Thermochemical Surface Engineering of Steels

Thermochemical surface engineering significantly improves the properties of steels. Edited by two of the world's leading authorities, this important book summarises the range of techniques and their applications. It covers nitriding, nitrocarburizing and carburizing. There are also chapters on low temperature techniques as well as boriding, sheradizing, aluminizing, chromizing, thermo-reactive deposition and diffusion.

• Reviews the fundamentals of surface treatments and current performance of improved materials
• Covers nitriding, nitrocarburizing and carburizing of iron and iron carbon alloys
• Examines how different thermochemical surface engineering methods can help against corrosion

Inhalt

About the editors List of contributors Woodhead Publishing Series in Metals and Surface Engineering Introduction Part One: Fundamentals1: Thermodynamics and kinetics of gas and gas-solid reactions

• Abstract
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Equilibria for gas-exchange reactions
• 1.3 Equilibria for gas-solid reactions
• 1.4 Kinetics of gas-exchange reactions
• 1.5 Kinetics of gas-solid reactions

• 1.6 Phase stabilities in the Fe-N, Fe-C and Fe-C-N systems2: Kinetics of thermochemical surface treatments

• Abstract
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Development of an interstitial solid solution
• 2.3 Precipitation of second phase particles in a supersaturated matrix
• 2.4 Product-layer growth at the surface

• 2.5 Conclusion3: Process technologies for thermochemical surface engineering

• Abstract
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Different ways of achieving a hardened wear-resistant surface
• 3.3 Furnaces
• 3.4 Gaseous carburising
• 3.5 Gaseous carbonitriding
• 3.6 Gaseous nitriding and nitrocarburising
• 3.7 Variants of gaseous nitriding and nitrocarburising
• 3.8 Gaseous boriding
• 3.9 Plasma assisted processes: plasma (ion) carburising
• 3.10 Plasma (ion) nitriding/nitrocarburising
• 3.11 Implantation processes (nitriding)
• 3.12 Salt bath processes (nitrocarburising)
• 3.13 Laser assisted nitriding
• 3.14 Fluidised bed nitriding

• Acknowledgements Part Two: Improved materials performance4: Fatigue resistance of carburized and nitrided steels

• Abstract
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 The concept of local fatigue resistance
• 4.3 Statistical analysis of fatigue resistance
• 4.4 Fatigue behavior of carburized microstructures
• 4.5 Fatigue behavior of nitrided and nitrocarburized microstructures

• 4.6 Conclusion5: Tribological behaviour of thermochemically surface engineered steels

• Abstract
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Contact types
• 5.3 Wear mechanisms

• 5.4 Conclusions6: Corrosion behaviour of nitrided, nitrocarburised and carburised steels

• Abstract
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Corrosion behaviour of nitrided and nitrocarburised unalloyed and low alloyed steels: introduction
• 6.3 Nitriding processes and corrosion behaviour
• 6.4 Structure and composition of compound layers and corrosion behaviour
• 6.5 Post-oxidation and corrosion behaviour
• 6.6 Passivation of nitride layers
• 6.7 Corrosion behaviour in molten metals
• 6.8 Corrosion behaviour of nitrided, nitrocarburised and carburised stainless steels: introduction
• 6.9 Austenitic-ferritic and austenitic steels: corrosion in chloride-free solutions
• 6.10 Austenitic-ferritic and austenitic steels: corrosion in chloride-containing solutions
• 6.11 Ferritic, martensitic and precipitation hardening stainless steels

• 6.12 Conclusion Part Three: Nitriding, nitrocarburizing and carburizing7: Nitriding of binary and ternary iron-based alloys

• Abstract
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Strong, intermediate and weak Me-N interaction
• 7.3 Microstructural development of the compound layer in the presence of alloying elements
• 7.4 Microstructural development of the diffusion zone in the presence of alloying elements
• 7.5 Kinetics of diffusion zone growth in the presence of alloying elements

• 7.6 Conclusion8: Development of the compound layer during nitriding and nitrocarburising of iron and iron-carbon alloys

• Abstract
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Compound layer formation during nitriding in a NH3/H2 gas mixture
• 8.3 Nitrocarburising in gas
• 8.4 Compound layer development during salt bath nitrocarburising
• 8.5 Post-oxidation and phase transformations in the compound layer

• 8.6 Conclusion9: Austenitic nitriding and nitrocarburizing of steels

• Abstract
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 Phase stability regions of nitrogen-containing austenite
• 9.3 Phase transformation of nitrogen-containing austenite and its consequences for the process
• 9.4 Phase stability and layer growth during austenitic nitriding and nitrocarburizing
• 9.5 Properties resulting from austenitic nitriding and nitrocarburizing

• 9.6 Solution nitriding and its application10: Classical nitriding of heat treatable steel

• Abstract
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 Steels suitable for nitriding
• 10.3 Microstructure and hardness improvement
• 10.4 Nitriding-induced stress in steel

• 10.5 Nitriding and improved fatigue life of steel11: Plasma-assisted nitriding and nitrocarburizing of steel and other ferrous alloys

• Abstract
• 11.1 Introduction
• 11.2 Glow discharge during plasma nitriding: general features
• 11.3 Sputtering during plasma nitriding
• 11.4 Practical aspects of sputtering and redeposition of the cathode material during plasma nitriding
• 11.5 Plasma nitriding as a low-nitriding potential process
• 11.6 Role of carbon-bearing gases and oxygen
• 11.7 Practical aspects of differences in nitriding mechanism of plasma and gas nitriding processes
• 11.8 Best applications of plasma nitriding and nitrocarburizing
• 11.9 Methods for reducing plasma nitriding limitations

• Acknowledgements12: ZeroFlow gas nitriding of steels

• Abstract
• 12.1 Introduction
• 12.2 Improving gas nitriding of steels
• 12.3 Current gas nitriding processes
• 12.4 The principles of ZeroFlow gas nitriding
• 12.5 Thermodynamic aspects of nitriding in atmospheres of NH3 and of two-component NH3 + H2 and NH3 + NH3diss. mixes
• 12.6 Kinetic aspects of nitriding in atmospheres of NH3 and of two-component NH3 + H2 and NH3 + NH3diss. mixes
• 12.7 Using the ZeroFlow process under industrial conditions
• 12.8 Applications of the ZeroFlow method

• 12.9 Conclusion13: Carburizing of steels

• Abstract
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 Gaseous carburizing
• 13.3 Low pressure carburizing
• 13.4 Hardening
• 13.5 Tempering and sub-zero treatment
• 13.6 Material properties
• 13.7 Furnace technology

• 13.8 Conclusion Part Four: Low temperature carburizing and nitriding14: Low temperature surface hardening of stainless steel

• Abstract
• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 The origins of low temperature surface engineering of stainless steel

• 14.3 Fundamental aspects of expanded austenite15: Gaseous processes for low temperature surface hardening of stainless steel

• Abstract
• 15.1 Introduction
• 15.2 Surface hardening of austenitic stainless steel
• 15.3 Residual stress in expanded austenite
• 15.4 Prediction of nitrogen diffusion profiles in expanded austenite
• 15.5 Surface hardening of stainless steel types other than austenite

• 15.6 Conclusion and future trends16: Plasma-assisted processes for surface hardening of stainless steel

• Abstract
• 16.1 Introduction
• 16.2 Process principles and equipment
• 16.3 Microstructure evolution
• 16.4 Properties of surface hardened steels

• 16.5 Conclusion and future trends17: Applications of low-temperature surface hardening of stainless steels

• Abstract
• 17.1 Introduction
• 17.2 Applications in the nuclear industry
• 17.3 Applications in tubular fittings and fasteners…