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Transparent electronics is emerging as one of the most promising
technologies for the next generation of electronic products, away
from the traditional silicon technology. It is essential for touch
display panels, solar cells, LEDs and antistatic coatings.
The book describes the concept of transparent electronics,
passive and active oxide semiconductors, multicomponent dielectrics
and their importance for a new era of novel electronic materials
and products. This is followed by a short history of transistors,
and how oxides have revolutionized this field. It concludes with a
glance at low-cost, disposable and lightweight devices for the next
generation of ergonomic and functional discrete devices. Chapters
cover:
Properties and applications of n-type oxide semiconductors
P-type conductors and semiconductors, including copper oxide
and tin monoxide
Low-temperature processed dielectrics
n and p-type thin film transistors (TFTs) - structure,
physics and brief history
Paper electronics - Paper transistors, paper memories and
paper batteries
Applications of oxide TFTs - transparent circuits, active
matrices for displays and biosensors
Written by a team of renowned world experts, Transparent
Oxide Electronics: From Materials to Devices gives an overview
of the world of transparent electronics, and showcases
groundbreaking work on paper transistors
Autorentext
Elvira Fortunato is Associate Professor and Director of Institute for Nanotechnologies, Nanomaterials and Nanosciences at the New University of Lisbon. She is one of the inventors of paper transistors and paper memory and was one of the pioneers of European research on thin-film transistors based on oxide semiconductors. She has been Associate Editor of Rapid Research Letters Physica Status Solidi since November 2006 and is the recipient of several awards, including the award for Scientific Excellence from the Portuguese Science Foundation (2005). She is the author of more than 200 papers and has been an invited speaker at MRS, E-MRS and NAIST. Coauthors at CENIMAT, New University of Lisbon: Rodrigo Ferrão de Paiva Martins, Luís Pereira, Pedro Barquinha.
Klappentext
Transparent electronics is emerging as one of the most promising technologies for the next generation of electronic products, away from the traditional silicon technology. It is essential for touch display panels, solar cells, LEDs and antistatic coatings.
The book describes the concept of transparent electronics, passive and active oxide semiconductors, multicomponent dielectrics and their importance for a new era of novel electronic materials and products. This is followed by a short history of transistors, and how oxides have revolutionized this field. It concludes with a glance at low-cost, disposable and lightweight devices for the next generation of ergonomic and functional discrete devices. Chapters cover:
Inhalt
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Oxides and Transparent Electronics: Fundamental Research or Heading Towards Commercial Products? 1
1.2 The Need for Transparent (Semi)Conductors 3
1.3 Reaching Full Transparency: Dielectrics and Substrates 5
References 6
2 N-type Transparent Semiconducting Oxides 9
2.1 Introduction: Binary and Multicomponent Oxides 9
2.1.1 Binary Compounds: the Examples of Zinc Oxide and Indium Oxide 9
2.1.2 Ternary and Quaternary Compounds: the Examples of Indium-Zinc Oxide and Gallium-Indium-Zinc Oxide 12
2.2 Sputtered n-TSOs: Gallium-Indium-Zinc Oxide System 16
2.2.1 Dependence of the Growth Rate on Oxygen Content in the Ar+O2 Mixture and Target Composition 16
2.2.2 Structural and Morphological Properties 18
2.2.3 Electrical Properties 22
2.2.4 Optical Properties 41
2.3 Sputtered n-TSOs: Gallium-Zinc-Tin Oxide System 49
2.4 Solution-Processed n-TSOs 51
2.4.1 ZTO by Spray-pyrolysis 51
2.4.2 ZTO by Sol-gel Spin-coating 52
2.4.3 GIZO Sol-gel by Spin-coating 52
References 55
3 P-type Transparent Conductors and Semiconductors 63
3.1 Introduction 63
3.2 P-type Transparent Conductive Oxides 64
3.3 Thin Film Copper Oxide Semiconductors 66
3.3.1 Role of Oxygen in the Structure, Electrical and Optical Performance 70
3.4 Thin Film Tin Oxide Semiconductors 75
3.4.1 Structure, Composition and Morphology of Tin Oxide Films 78
3.4.2 Electrical and Optical Properties of Tin Oxide Films 84
References 94
4 Gate Dielectrics in Oxide Electronics 101
4.1 Introduction 101
4.2 High-k Dielectrics: Why Not? 102
4.3 Requirements 103
4.4 High-k Dielectrics Deposition 106
4.5 Sputtered High-k Dielectrics in Oxide TFTs 106
4.6 Hafnium Oxide 107
4.6.1 Multicomponent Co-sputtered HfO2 Based Dielectrics 117
4.6.2 Multicomponent Dielectrics from Single Target 126
4.7 Tantalum Oxide (Ta2O5) 130
4.7.1 Multicomponent Ta2O5 Based Dielectrics 133
4.8 Multilayer Dielectrics 138
4.9 High-k Dielectrics/Oxide Semiconductors Interface 141
4.10 Summary 146
References 147
5 The (R)evolution of Thin-Film Transistors (TFTs) 155
5.1 Introduction: Device Operation, History and Main Semiconductor Technologies 155
5.1.1 Device Structure and Operation 155
5.1.2 Brief History of TFTs 161
5.1.3 Comparative Overview of Dominant TFT Technologies 168
5.2 Fabrication and Characterization of Oxide TFTs 170
5.2.1 N-type GIZO TFTs by Physical Vapor Deposition 171
5.2.2 N-type GZTO TFTs by Physical Vapor Deposition 187
5.2.3 N-type Oxide TFTs by Solution Processing 189
5.2.4 P-type Oxide TFTs by Physical Vapor Deposition 193
5.2.5 N-type GIZO TFTs with Sputtered Dielectrics 196
References 202
6 Electronics With and On Paper 211
6.1 Introduction 211
6.2 Paper in Electronics 212
6.3 Paper Properties 214
6.3.1 Structure, Morphology and Thermal Properties 214
6.3.2 Electrical Properties of the Paper 218
6.4 Resistivity Behaviour of Transparent Conductive Oxides Deposited on Paper 223
6.5 Paper Transistors 225
6.5.1 Current Transport in Paper Transistors 228
6.6 Floating Gate Non-volatile Paper Memory Transistor 230
6.6.1 Memory Paper Device Feasibility and Stability 233
6.6.2 Memory Selective and Charge Retention Time Behaviors 234
6.7 Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Circuits With and On Paper Paper CMOS 237 6.7.1 Capacitance-Voltage and Current-Voltage Characteristics of N/P-Type Paper...