Power System Control Under Cascading Failures

Offers a comprehensive introduction to the issues of control of power systems during cascading outages and restoration process

Power System Control Under Cascading Failures offers comprehensive coverage of three major topics related to prevention of cascading power outages in a power transmission grid: modelling and analysis, system separation and power system restoration. The book examines modelling and analysis of cascading failures for reliable and efficient simulation and better understanding of important mechanisms, root causes and propagation patterns of failures and power outages. Second, it covers controlled system separation to mitigate cascading failures addressing key questions such as where, when and how to separate. Third, the text explores optimal system restoration from cascading power outages and blackouts by well-designed milestones, optimised procedures and emerging techniques.

The authors -- noted experts in the field -- include state-of-the-art methods that are illustrated in detail as well as practical examples that show how to use them to address realistic problems and improve current practices. This important resource:

• Contains comprehensive coverage of a focused area of cascading power system outages, addressing modelling and analysis, system separation and power system restoration

• Offers a description of theoretical models to analyse outages, methods to identify control actions to prevent propagation of outages and restore the system

• Suggests state-of-the-art methods that are illustrated in detail with hands-on examples that address realistic problems to help improve current practices

• Includes companion website with samples, codes and examples to support the text

Written for postgraduate students, researchers, specialists, planners and operation engineers from industry, Power System Control Under Cascading Failures contains a review of a focused area of cascading power system outages, addresses modelling and analysis, system separation, and power system restoration.

Autorentext

KAI SUN is an Associate Professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Tennessee, USA. YUNHE HOU is an Associate Professor with the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong. WEI SUN is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the University of Central Florida, USA. JUNJIAN QI is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the University of Central Florida, USA.

Klappentext
OFFERS A COMPREHENSIVE INTRODUCTION TO THE ISSUES OF CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEMS DURING CASCADING OUTAGES AND RESTORATION PROCESS Power System Control Under Cascading Failures offers comprehensive coverage of three major topics related to prevention of cascading power outages in a power transmission grid: modelling and analysis, system separation and power system restoration. The book examines modelling and analysis of cascading failures for reliable and efficient simulation and better understanding of important mechanisms, as well as root causes and propagation patterns of failures and power outages. It also covers controlled system separation to mitigate cascading failures addressing key questions such as where, when and how to separate. The text explores optimal system restoration from cascading power outages and blackouts by well-designed milestones, optimised procedures and emerging techniques. The authors noted experts in the field include state-of-the-art methods that are illustrated in detail as well as practical examples that show how to use them to address realistic problems and improve current practices. This important resource:

• Contains comprehensive coverage of a focused area of cascading power system outages, addressing modelling and analysis, system separation and power system restoration
• Offers a description of theoretical models to analyse outages, methods to identify control actions to prevent propagation of outages and restore the system
• Suggests state-of-the-art methods that are illustrated in detail with hands-on examples that address realistic problems to help improve current practices
• Includes companion website with samples, codes and examples to support the text Written for postgraduate students, researchers, specialists, planners and operation engineers from industry, Power System Control Under Cascading Failures contains a review of a focused area of cascading power system outages, addresses modelling and analysis, system separation, and power system restoration

Inhalt
About the Companion Website xiii

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Importance of Modeling and Understanding Cascading Failures 1

1.1.1 Cascading Failures 1

1.1.2 Challenges in Modeling and Understanding Cascading Failures 4

1.2 Importance of Controlled System Separation 6

1.2.1 Mitigation of Cascading Failures 6

1.2.2 Uncontrolled and Controlled System Separations 7

1.3 Constructing Restoration Strategies 9

1.3.1 Importance of System Restoration 9

1.3.2 Classification of System Restoration Strategies 10

1.3.3 Challenges of System Restoration 13

1.4 Overview of the Book 15

References 18

2 Modeling of Cascading Failures 23

2.1 General Cascading Failure Models 23

2.1.1 BakTangWiesenfeld Sandpile Model 23

2.1.2 FailureTolerance Sandpile Model 24

2.1.3 MotterLai Model 30

2.1.4 Influence Model 30

2.1.5 BinaryDecision Model 33

2.1.6 Coupled Map Lattice Model 34

2.1.7 CASCADE Model 35

2.1.8 Interdependent Failure Model 37

2.2 Power System Cascading Failure Models 39

2.2.1 Hidden Failure Model 39

2.2.2 Manchester Model 40

2.2.3 OPA Model 42

2.2.4 Improved OPA Model 46

2.2.5 OPA Model with Slow Process 49

2.2.6 AC OPA Model 58

2.2.7 Cascading Failure Models Considering Dynamics and Detailed Protections 62

References 64

3 Understanding Cascading Failures 69

3.1 Self Organized Criticality 70

3.1.1 SOC Theory 70

3.1.2 Evidence of SOC in Blackout Data 71

3.2 Branching Processes 72

3.2.1 Definition of the GaltonWatson Branching Process 74

3.2.2 Estimation of Mean of the Offspring Distribution 74

3.2.3 Estimation of Variance of the Offspring Distribution 75

3.2.4 Processing and Discretization of Continuous Data 78

3.2.5 Estimation of Distribution of Total Outages 81

3.2.6 Statistical Insight of Branching Process Parameters 81

3.2.7 Branching Processes Applied to Line Outage Data 82

3.2.8 Branching Processes Applied to Load Shed Data 84

3.2.9 CrossValidation for Branching Processes 85

3.2.10 Efficiency Improvement by Branching Processes 85

3.3 Multitype Branching Processes 87

3.3.1 Estimation of Multitype Branching Process Parameters 88

3.3.2 Estimation of Joint Probability Distribution of Total Outages 90

3.3.3 An Example for a TwoType Branching Process 91

3.3.4 Validation of Estimated Joint Distribution 92

3.3.5 Number of Cascades Needed for Multitype Branching Processes 94

3.3.6 Estimated Parameters of Branching Processes 96

3.3.7 Estimated Joint Distribution of Total Outages 98

3.3.8 CrossValidation for Multitype Branching Processes 100

3.3.9 Predicting Joint Distribution from One Type of Outage 102

3.3.10 Estimating Failure Propagation of Three Types of Outages 104

3.4 Failure Interaction Analysis 105

3.4.1 Estimation of Interactions between Component Failures 106

3.4.2 Identification of Key Links and Key Components 108

3.4.3 Interaction Model 111

3.4.4 Validation of Interaction Model 113

3.4.5 Number of Cascades Needed for Failure Interaction Analysis 115

3.4.6 Estimated Interaction Matrix and Interaction Network 119

3.4.7 Identified Key Links and Key Components 121

3.4.8 Interaction Model Validation 125

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