Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Walls

The first book to provide a detailed overview of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Walls

Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Walls deploy horizontal layers of closely spaced tensile inclusion in the fill material to achieve stability of a soil mass. GRS walls are more adaptable to different environmental conditions, more economical, and offer high performance in a wide range of transportation infrastructure applications. This book addresses both GRS and GMSE, with a much stronger emphasis on the former. For completeness, it begins with a review of shear strength of soils and classical earth pressure theories. It then goes on to examine the use of geosynthetics as reinforcement, and followed by the load-deformation behavior of GRS mass as a soil-geosynthetic composite, reinforcing mechanisms of GRS, and GRS walls with different types of facing. Finally, the book finishes by covering design concepts with design examples for different loading and geometric conditions, and the construction of GRS walls, including typical construction procedures and general construction guidelines.

The number of GRS walls and abutments built to date is relatively low due to lack of understanding of GRS. While failure rate of GMSE has been estimated to be around 5%, failure of GRS has been found to be practically nil, with studies suggesting many advantages, including a smaller susceptibility to long-term creep and stronger resistance to seismic loads when well-compacted granular fill is employed. Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Walls will serve as an excellent guide or reference for wall projects such as transportation infrastructure--including roadways, bridges, retaining walls, and earth slopes--that are in dire need of repair and replacement in the U.S. and abroad.

• Covers both GRS and GMSE (MSE with geosynthetics as reinforcement); with much greater emphasis on GRS walls

• Showcases reinforcing mechanisms, engineering behavior, and design concepts of GRS and includes many step-by-step design examples

• Features information on typical construction procedures and general construction guidelines

• Includes hundreds of line drawings and photos

Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Walls is an important book for practicing geotechnical engineers and structural engineers, as well as for advanced students of civil, structural, and geotechnical engineering.

Autorentext

JONATHAN T. H. WU, PhD, is Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Colorado Denver, Director of the Reinforced Soil Research Center, and Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology. Dr. Wu's research interest is in the use of innovative physical and numerical modeling techniques to develop design methods and construction guidelines for sustainable earthwork systems, and to solve problems associated with earth structures.

Klappentext
THE FIRST BOOK TO PROVIDE A DETAILED OVERVIEW OF GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCED SOIL WALLS Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Walls deploy horizontal layers of closely spaced tensile inclusion in the fill material to achieve stability of a soil mass. GRS walls are more adaptable to different environmental conditions, more economical, and offer high performance in a wide range of transportation infrastructure applications. This book addresses both GRS and GMSE (Geosynthetic Mechanically Stabilised Earth) walls, with a much stronger emphasis on the former. For completeness, it begins with a review of shear strength of soils and classical earth pressure theories. It then goes on to examine the use of geosynthetics as reinforcement, followed by the load-deformation behavior of GRS mass as a soil-geosynthetic composite, reinforcing mechanisms of GRS, and GRS walls with different types of facing. Finally, the book finishes by covering design concepts with design examples for different loading and geometric conditions, and the construction of GRS walls, including typical construction procedures and general construction guidelines. The number of GRS walls and abutments built to date is relatively low due to lack of understanding of GRS. While failure rate of GMSE has been estimated to be around 5%, failure of GRS has been found to be practically nil, with studies suggesting many advantages, including a smaller susceptibility to long-term creep and stronger resistance to seismic loads when well-compacted granular fill is employed. Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Walls will serve as an excellent guide or reference for wall projects such as transportation infrastructureincluding roadways, bridges, retaining walls, and earth slopesthat are in dire need of repair and replacement in many parts of the world.

• Covers both GRS and GMSE (MSE with geosynthetics as reinforcement); with much greater emphasis on GRS walls
• Showcases reinforcing mechanisms, engineering behavior, and design concepts of GRS and includes many step-by-step design examples
• Features information on typical construction procedures and general construction guidelines
• Includes hundreds of line drawings and photos Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Walls is an important book for practicing geotechnical engineers and structural engineers, as well as for advanced students of civil, structural, and geotechnical engineering.

Inhalt
Preface ix

1 Stresses and Shear Strength of Soils 1

1.1 Stress at a Point 1

1.1.1 Stress Vector 2

1.1.2 Cauchy Formula 3

1.1.3 Mohr Circle of Stress 6

1.1.4 Pole of Mohr Circle 7

1.2 Concept of Effective Stress 13

1.3 MohrCoulomb Failure Criterion 14

1.4 Shear Strength Tests 15

1.4.1 Direct Shear Test 16

1.4.2 Triaxial Test 17

1.4.3 PlaneStrain Test 28

1.4.4 Vane Shear Test 29

1.4.5 Standard Penetration Test 30

1.4.6 Cone Penetration Test 33

1.4.7 Plate Load Test 35

1.5 Design Considerations 37

1.5.1 Shear Strength of Granular Soils 37

1.5.2 Shear Strength of Clays 43

1.5.3 Shear Strength of Silts 55

References 55

2 Lateral Earth Pressure and Rigid Earth Retaining Walls 59

2.1 AtRest Earth Pressure 60

2.2 Rankine Analysis 64

2.2.1 Active and Passive Conditions and Graphical Solution 64

2.2.2 Mathematical Solution 66

2.2.3 Failure Surface 72

2.2.4 Inclined Crest and/or Inclined Surcharge 73

2.2.5 Influence of Submergence 77

2.2.6 External Loads on Wall Crest 78

2.2.7 Applicability of Rankine Analysis 80

2.3 Coulomb Analysis 83

2.3.1 Active Condition 84

2.3.2 Passive Condition 91

2.3.3 Influence of Submergence 93

2.3.4 Influence of Seepage 94

2.3.5 Influence of Relative Wall Movement 100

2.3.6 Influence of Seismic Force 102

2.4 Rankine Analysis versus Coulomb Analysis 107

2.5 Additional Topics Regarding the Design of Rigid Retaining Walls 110

2.5.1 Common Proportions of Rigid Retaining Walls 112

2.5.2 Design Charts for Estimation of Active Force 113

2.5.3 Equivalent Fluid Density 113

2.5.4 CompactionInduced Stress 116

2.5.5 Evaluation of Wall Stability 117

2.5.6 Selection of Shear Strength Parameters in Design 119

References 120

3 Reinforced Soil and Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Walls 123

3.1 Reinforced Soil and GRS 124

3.2 FieldScale Experiments of GRS 129

3.2.1 Mini Pier Experiments (Adams et al., 2002, 2007) 129

3.2.2 Unconfined Compression Experiments (Elton and Patawaran, 2005) 131

3.2.3 Generic SoilGeosynthetic Composite PlaneStrain Experiments (Wu et al., 2010, 2013) 132

3.3 Reinforcing Mechanisms of GRS Walls 136

3.3.1 Mechanisms of Apparent Confining Pressure and Apparent Cohesion 137

3.3.2 Mechanism of Suppression of Soil Dilation 143

3.3.3 Other Reinforcing Mechanisms 146

3.4 Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Walls 152

3.4.1 WrappedFace GRS Wall 152

3.4.2 Concrete Block GRS Wall 156

3.4.3 CastinPlace FullHeight Facing GRS Wall 160

3.4.4 Precast FullH…