Microgrid Planning and Design

A practical guide to microgrid systems architecture, design topologies, control strategies and integration approaches

Microgrid Planning and Design offers a detailed and authoritative guide to microgrid systems. The authors - noted experts on the topic - explore what is involved in the design of a microgrid, examine the process of mapping designs to accommodate available technologies and reveal how to determine the efficacy of the final outcome. This practical book is a compilation of collaborative research results drawn from a community of experts in 8 different universities over a 6-year period.

Microgrid Planning and Design contains a review of microgrid benchmarks for the electric power system and covers the mathematical modeling that can be used during the microgrid design processes. The authors include real-world case studies, validated benchmark systems and the components needed to plan and design an effective microgrid system. This important guide:

• Offers a practical and up-to-date book that examines leading edge technologies related to the smart grid

• Covers in detail all aspects of a microgrid from conception to completion

• Explores a modeling approach that combines power and communication systems

• Recommends modeling details that are appropriate for the type of study to be performed

• Defines typical system studies and requirements associated with the operation of the microgrid

Written forgraduate students and professionals in the electrical engineering industry, Microgrid Planning and Design is a guide to smart microgrids that can help with their strategic energy objectives such as increasing reliability, efficiency, autonomy and reducing greenhouse gases.

Autorentext

DR. HASSAN FARHANGI is Chief System Architect and Principal Investigator of Smart Microgrid initiative at British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT), and Adjunct Professor at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, Canada, and the Scientific Director and Principal Investigator of NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council) Pan-Canadian Smart Microgrid Network. DR. GEZA JOOS is a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Canada, and holds the NSERC/Hydro-Quebec Industrial Research Chair on the Integration of Renewable Energies and Distributed Generation into the Electric Distribution Grid as well as the Canada Research Chair in Powering Information Technologies at McGill University.

Klappentext
A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO MICROGRID SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE, DESIGN TOPOLOGIES, CONTROL STRATEGIES AND INTEGRATION APPROACHES Microgrid Planning and Design offers a detailed and authoritative guide to microgrid systems. The editors noted experts on the topic explore what is involved in the design of a microgrid, examine the process of mapping designs to accommodate available technologies and reveal how to determine the efficacy of the final outcome. This practical book is a compilation of collaborative research results drawn from a community of experts in 8 different universities over a 6-year period. Microgrid Planning and Design contains a review of microgrid benchmarks for the electric power system and covers the mathematical modeling that can be used during the microgrid design processes. The authors include real-world case studies, validated benchmark systems and the components needed to plan and design an effective microgrid system. This important guide:

• Offers a practical and up-to-date book that examines leading edge technologies related to the smart grid
• Covers in detail all aspects of a microgrid from conception to completion
• Explores a modeling approach that combines power and communication systems
• Recommends modeling details that are appropriate for the type of study to be performed
• Defines typical system studies and requirements associated with the operation of the microgrid Written for graduate students and professionals in the electrical engineering industry, Microgrid Planning and Design is a guide to smart microgrids that can help with their strategic energy objectives such as increasing reliability, efficiency, autonomy and reducing greenhouse gases.

Inhalt
About the Authors xiii

Disclaimer xv

List of Figures xvii

List of Tables xxiii

Foreword xxv

Preface xxvii

Acknowledgments xxix

Acronyms and Abbreviations xxxi

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Why Microgrid Research Requires a Network Approach 5

1.2 NSERC Smart MicroGrid Network (NSMG-Net) The Canadian Experience 7

1.3 Research Platform 8

1.4 Research Program and Scope 9

1.5 Research Themes in Smart Microgrids 10

1.5.1 Theme 1: Operation, Control, and Protection of Smart Microgrids 10

1.5.1.1 Topic 1.1: Control, Operation, and Renewables for Remote Smart Microgrids 12

1.5.1.2 Topic 1.2: Distributed Control, Hybrid Control, and Power Management for Smart Microgrids 12

1.5.1.3 Topic 1.3: Status Monitoring, Disturbance Detection, Diagnostics, and Protection for Smart Microgrids 13

1.5.1.4 Topic 1.4: Operational Strategies and Storage Technologies to Address Barriers for Very High Penetration of DG Units in Smart Microgrids 13

1.5.2 Theme 2 Overview: Smart Microgrid Planning, Optimization, and Regulatory Issues 14

1.5.2.1 Topic 2.1: CostBenefits Framework Secondary Benefits and Ancillary Services 16

1.5.2.2 Topic 2.2: Energy and Supply Security Considerations 16

1.5.2.3 Topic 2.3: Demand Response Technologies and Strategies Energy Management and Metering 16

1.5.2.4 Topic 2.4: Integration Design Guidelines and Performance Metrics Study Cases 17

1.5.3 Theme 3: Smart Microgrid Communication and Information Technologies 18

1.5.3.1 Topic 3.1: Universal Communication Infrastructure 20

1.5.3.2 Topic 3.2: Grid Integration Requirements, Standards, Codes, and Regulatory Considerations 20

1.5.3.3 Topic 3.3: Distribution Automation Communications: Sensors, Condition Monitoring, and Fault Detection 20

1.5.3.4 Topic 3.4: Integrated Data Management and Portals 21

1.6 Microgrid Design Process and Guidelines 21

1.7 Microgrid Design Objectives 23

1.8 Book Organization 23

2 Microgrid Benchmarks 25

2.1 Campus Microgrid 25

2.1.1 Campus Microgrid Description 25

2.1.2 Campus Microgrid Subsystems 27

2.1.2.1 Components and Subsystems 27

2.1.2.2 Automation and Instrumentation 28

2.2 Utility Microgrid 30

2.2.1 Description 30

2.2.2 Utility Microgrid Subsystems 32

2.3 CIGRE Microgrid 33

2.3.1 CIGRE Microgrid Description 33

2.3.2 CIGRE Microgrid Subsystems 35

2.3.2.1 Load 35

2.3.2.2 Flexibility 35

2.4 Benchmarks Selection Justification 36

3 Microgrid Elements and Modeling 37

3.1 Load Model 37

3.1.1 Current Source Based 37

3.1.2 Grid-Tie Inverter Based 38

3.2 Power Electronic Converter Models 39

3.3 PV Model 41

3.4 Wind Turbine Model 43

3.5 Multi-DER Microgrids Modeling 44

3.6 Energy Storage System Model 47

3.7 Electronically Coupled DER (EC-DER) Model 49

3.8 Synchronous Generator Model 50

3.9 Low Voltage Networks Model 50

3.10 Distributed Slack Model 51

3.11 VVO/CVR Modeling 53

4 Analysis and Studies Using Recommended Models 57

4.1 Energy Management Studies 57

4.2 Voltage Control Studies 57

4.3 Frequency Control Studies 58

4.4 Transient Stability Studies 58

4.5 Protection Coordination and Selectivity Studies 59

4.6 Economic Feasibility Studies 59

4.6.1 Benefits Identification 59

4.6.2 Reduced Energy Cost 59

4.6.3 Reliability Improvement 60

4.6.4 Investment Deferral 61

4.6.5 Power Fluctuation 61

4.6.6 Improved Efficiency 61

4.6.7 Reduced Emission 62

4.7 Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Impact Studies 62

4.8 DER Sizing of Microgrids 62 4.9 Ancillary Services Stu...