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A revised edition to applied gas dynamics with exclusive coverage on jets and additional sets of problems and examples
The revised and updated second edition of Applied Gas Dynamics offers an authoritative guide to the science of gas dynamics. Written by a noted expert on the topic, the text contains a comprehensive review of the topic; from a definition of the subject, to the three essential processes of this science: the isentropic process, shock and expansion process, and Fanno and Rayleigh flows.
In this revised edition, there are additional worked examples that highlight many concepts, including moving shocks, and a section on critical Mach number is included that helps to illuminate the concept. The second edition also contains new exercise problems with the answers added. In addition, the information on ram jets is expanded with helpful worked examples. It explores the entire spectrum of the ram jet theory and includes a set of exercise problems to aid in the understanding of the theory presented. This important text:
Includes a wealth of new solved examples that describe the features involved in the design of gas dynamic devices
Contains a chapter on jets; this is the first textbook material available on high-speed jets
Offers comprehensive and simultaneous coverage of both the theory and application
Includes additional information designed to help with an understanding of the material covered
Written for graduate students and advanced undergraduates in aerospace engineering and mechanical engineering, Applied Gas Dynamics, Second Edition expands on the original edition to include not only the basic information on the science of gas dynamics but also contains information on high-speed jets.
Autorentext
ETHIRAJAN RATHAKRISHNAN is professor of Aerospace Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India. He is well known internationally for his research in the area of high-speed jets.
Klappentext
A REVISED EDITION TO APPLIED GAS DYNAMICS WITH EXCLUSIVE COVERAGE ON JETS AND ADDITIONAL SETS OF PROBLEMS AND EXAMPLES The revised and updated second edition of Applied Gas Dynamics offers an authoritative guide to the science of gas dynamics. Written by a noted expert on the topic, the text contains a comprehensive review of the topic; from a definition of the subject, to the three essential processes of this science: the isentropic process, shock and expansion process, and Fanno and Rayleigh flows. In this revised edition, there are additional worked examples that highlight many concepts, including moving shocks, and a section on critical Mach number is included that helps to illuminate the concept. The second edition also contains new exercise problems with the answers added. In addition, the information on ram jets is expanded with helpful worked examples. It explores the entire spectrum of the ram jet theory and includes a set of exercise problems to aid in the understanding of the theory presented. This important text:
Inhalt
Preface xv
Author Biography xvii
About the Companion Website xix
1 Basic Facts 1
1.1 Definition of Gas Dynamics 1
1.2 Introduction 1
1.3 Compressibility 2
1.3.1 Limiting Conditions for Compressibility 3
1.4 Supersonic Flow What is it? 4
1.5 Speed of Sound 5
1.6 Temperature Rise 7
1.7 Mach Angle 8
1.7.1 Small Disturbance 10
1.7.2 Finite Disturbance 10
1.8 Thermodynamics of Fluid Flow 11
1.9 First Law of Thermodynamics (Energy Equation) 11
1.9.1 Energy Equation for an Open System 12
1.9.2 Adiabatic Flow Process 14
1.10 The Second Law of Thermodynamics (Entropy Equation) 15
1.11 Thermal and Calorical Properties 16
1.11.1 Thermally Perfect Gas 16
1.12 The Perfect Gas 17
1.12.1 Entropy Calculation 18
1.12.2 Isentropic Relations 20
1.12.3 Limitations on Air as a Perfect Gas 25
1.13 Wave Propagation 26
1.14 Velocity of Sound 26
1.15 Subsonic and Supersonic Flows 27
1.16 Similarity Parameters 28
1.17 Continuum Hypothesis 28
1.18 Compressible Flow Regimes 30
1.19 Summary 31
Exercise Problems 34
2 Steady One-Dimensional Flow 43
2.1 Introduction 43
2.2 Fundamental Equations 43
2.3 Discharge from a Reservoir 45
2.3.1 Mass Flow Rate per Unit Area 47
2.3.2 Critical Values 51
2.4 Streamtube AreaVelocity Relation 54
2.5 de Laval Nozzle 57
2.5.1 Mass Flow Relation in Terms of Mach Number 65
2.5.2 Maximum Mass Flow Rate per Unit Area 65
2.6 Supersonic Flow Generation 66
2.6.1 Nozzles 68
2.6.2 Physics of the Nozzle Flow Process 69
2.7 Performance of Actual Nozzles 71
2.7.1 Nozzle Efficiency 71
2.7.2 Nozzle Discharge Coefficient 73
2.8 Diffusers 75
2.8.1 Special Features of Supersonic Diffusers 77
2.8.2 Supersonic Wind Tunnel Diffusers 78
2.8.3 Supersonic Inlets 81
2.8.4 Fixed-Geometry Inlet 82
2.8.5 Variable-Geometry Inlet 83
2.8.6 Diffuser Efficiency 84
2.9 Dynamic Head Measurement in Compressible Flow 88
2.9.1 Compressibility Correction to Dynamic Pressure 91
2.10 Pressure Coefficient 95
2.11 Summary 97
Exercise Problems 99
3 Normal Shock Waves 113
3.1 Introduction 113
3.2 Equations of Motion for a Normal Shock Wave 113
3.3 The Normal Shock Relations for a Perfect Gas 115
3.4 Change of Stagnation or Total Pressure Across a Shock 118
3.5 Hugoniot Equation 121
3.5.1 Moving Shocks 123
3.6 The Propagating Shock Wave 123
3.6.1 Weak Shock 128
3.6.2 Strong Shock 130
3.7 Reflected Shock Wave 133
3.8 Centered Expansion Wave 138
3.9 Shock Tube 139
3.9.1 Shock Tube Applications 142
3.10 Summary 145
Exercise Problems 148
4 Oblique Shock and Expansion Waves 155
4.1 Introduction 155
4.2 Oblique Shock Relations 156
4.3 Relation Between 𝛽 and 𝜃 158
4.4 Shock Polar 160
4.5 Supersonic Flow Over a Wedge 162
4.6 Weak Oblique Shocks 165
4.7 Supersonic Compression 167
4.8 Supersonic Expansion by Turning 169
4.9 The PrandtlMeyer Expansion 170
4.9.1 Velocity Components Vr and V*𝜙* 172
4.9.2 The PrandtlMeyer Function 175
4.9.3 Compression 177
4.10 Simple and Nonsimple Regions 178
4.11 Reflection and Intersection of Shocks and Expansion Waves 178
4.11.1 Intersection of Shocks of the Same Family 181 4.11...