Statistics Essentials For Dummies

Statistics Essentials For Dummies (9781119590309) was previously published as Statistics Essentials For Dummies (9780470618394). While this version features a new Dummies cover and design, the content is the same as the prior release and should not be considered a new or updated product. Statistics Essentials For Dummies not only provides students enrolled in Statistics I with an excellent high-level overview of key concepts, but it also serves as a reference or refresher for students in upper-level statistics courses. Free of review and ramp-up material, Statistics Essentials For Dummies sticks to the point, with content focused on key course topics only. It provides discrete explanations of essential concepts taught in a typical first semester college-level statistics course, from odds and error margins to confidence intervals and conclusions. This guide is also a perfect reference for parents who need to review critical statistics concepts as they help high school students with homework assignments, as well as for adult learners headed back into the classroom who just need a refresher of the core concepts. The Essentials For Dummies Series Dummies is proud to present our new series, The Essentials For Dummies. Now students who are prepping for exams, preparing to study new material, or who just need a refresher can have a concise, easy-to-understand review guide that covers an entire course by concentrating solely on the most important concepts. From algebra and chemistry to grammar and Spanish, our expert authors focus on the skills students most need to succeed in a subject.

Autorentext

Deborah J. Rumsey, PhD, is an Auxiliary Professor and Statistics Education Specialist at The Ohio State University. She is the author of Statistics For Dummies, Statistics II For Dummies, Statistics Workbook For Dummies, and Probability For Dummies.

Klappentext

• The "must-know" formulas and calculations
• What you need to know about statistical techniques

• Core topics in quick, focused lessons Stay sharp on statistics This practical guide sticks to the point with discrete explanations of essential topics taught in a typical first semester statistics course. Get a handle on charts, graphs, and descriptive stats. Discover the many experiments, surveys, and tests you'll encounter in statistics. From distributions and confidence intervals to regression and hypothesis testing, the nitty-gritty information presented here is perfect to use in studying for exams, doing homework, or as a quick reference. Inside...

• Stats, charts, and graphs
• Binomial, normal, and t-distributions
• The Central Limit Theorem
• Correlation and regression
• Probabilities for two-way tables
• Ten common statistical mistakes

Zusammenfassung
Statistics Essentials For Dummies (9781119590309) was previously published as Statistics Essentials For Dummies (9780470618394). While this version features a new Dummies cover and design, the content is the same as the prior release and should not be considered a new or updated product.

Statistics Essentials For Dummies not only provides students enrolled in Statistics I with an excellent high-level overview of key concepts, but it also serves as a reference or refresher for students in upper-level statistics courses. Free of review and ramp-up material, Statistics Essentials For Dummies sticks to the point, with content focused on key course topics only. It provides discrete explanations of essential concepts taught in a typical first semester college-level statistics course, from odds and error margins to confidence intervals and conclusions. This guide is also a perfect reference for parents who need to review critical statistics concepts as they help high school students with homework assignments, as well as for adult learners headed back into the classroom who just need a refresher of the core concepts.

The Essentials For Dummies Series
Dummies is proud to present our new series, The Essentials For Dummies. Now students who are prepping for exams, preparing to study new material, or who just need a refresher can have a concise, easy-to-understand review guide that covers an entire course by concentrating solely on the most important concepts. From algebra and chemistry to grammar and Spanish, our expert authors focus on the skills students most need to succeed in a subject.

Inhalt

Introduction 1

About This Book 1

Conventions Used in This Book 2

Foolish Assumptions 2

Icons Used in This Book 2

Where to Go from Here 3

Chapter 1: Statistics in a Nutshell 5

Designing Studies 5

Surveys 5

Experiments 6

Collecting Data 7

Selecting a good sample 7

Avoiding bias in your data 8

Describing Data 8

Descriptive statistics 8

Charts and graphs 9

Analyzing Data 10

Making Conclusions 10

Chapter 2: Descriptive Statistics 13

Types of Data 13

Counts and Percents 14

Measures of Center 15

Measures of Variability 17

Percentiles 18

Finding a percentile 19

Interpreting percentiles 20

The Five-Number Summary 21

Chapter 3: Charts and Graphs 23

Pie Charts 23

Bar Graphs 24

Time Charts 26

Histograms 27

Making a histogram 27

Interpreting a histogram 29

Evaluating a histogram 30

Boxplots 31

Making a boxplot 31

Interpreting a boxplot 32

Chapter 4: The Binomial Distribution 35

Characteristics of a Binomial 35

Checking the binomial conditions step by step 36

Non-binomial examples 36

Finding Binomial Probabilities Using the Formula 38

Finding Probabilities Using the Binomial Table 40

Finding probabilities when p 050 40

Finding probabilities when p > 050 41

Finding probabilities for X greater-than, less-than, or between two values 42

The Expected Value and Variance of the Binomial 43

Chapter 5: The Normal Distribution 45

Basics of the Normal Distribution 45

The Standard Normal (Z) Distribution 46

Finding Probabilities for X 48

Finding X for a Given Probability 51

Normal Approximation to the Binomial 53

Chapter 6: Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem 55

Sampling Distributions 55

The mean of a sampling distribution 56

Standard error of a sampling distribution 57

Sample size and standard error 58

Population standard deviation and standard error 60

The shape 60

Finding Probabilities for x 62

The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Proportion 63

What proportion of students need math help? 64

Finding Probabilities for p 66

Chapter 7: Confidence Intervals 69

Making Your Best Guesstimate 69

The Goal: Small Margin of Error 71

Choosing a Confidence Level 72

Factoring in the Sample Size 73

Counting on Population Variability 75

Confidence Interval for a Population Mean 76

Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion 77

Confidence Interval for the Difference of Two Means 78

Confidence Interval for the Difference of Two Proportions 80

Interpreting Confidence Intervals 81

Spotting Misleading Confidence Intervals 84

Chapter 8: Hypothesis Tests 87

Doing a Hypothesis Test 87

Identifying what you're testing 88

Setting up the hypotheses 88

Finding sample statistics 90

Standardizing the evidence: The test statistic 90

Weighing the evidence and making decisions: p-values 91

General steps for a hypothesis test 94

Testing One Population Mean 94

Testing One Population Proportion 96

Comparing Two Population Means 97

Testing the Mean Difference: Paired Data 99 Te...