Biotechnology and Genetics in Fisheries and Aquaculture

Following the extremely well-received structure of the first
edition, this carefully revised and updated new edition now
includes much new information of vital importance to those working
and researching in the fisheries and aquaculture industries.

Commencing with chapters covering genetic variation and how it
can be measured, the authors then look at genetic structure in
natural populations, followed by a new chapter covering genetics in
relation to population size and conservation issues. Genetic
variation of traits and triploids and the manipulation of ploidy
are fully covered, and another new chapter is included, entitled
'From Genetics to Genomics'. The book concludes with a chapter
covering the impact of genetic engineering in aquaculture.

With the inclusion of a wealth of up-to-date information, new
text and figures and the inclusion of a third author, Pierre
Boudry, the second edition of Biotechnology and Genetics in
Fisheries and Aquaculture provides an excellent text and
reference of great value and use to upper level students and
professionals working across fish biology, aquatic sciences,
fisheries, aquaculture, genetics and biotechnology. Libraries in
all universities and research establishments where biological
sciences, fisheries and aquaculture are studied and taught should
have several copies of this excellent new edition on their
shelves.

• Completely updated, revised and expanded new edition

• Subject area of ever increasing importance

• Expanded authorship

• Commercially useful information for fish breeders

Autorentext

Andy Beaumont is based at the School of Ocean Sciences, Unioversity
of Bangor, Menai, Wales, UK

Pierre Boudry, based at IFREMER, France

Kate Hoare, based at the School of Ocean Sciences, Menai
Bridge, University of Bangor, Wales, UK

Zusammenfassung
Following the extremely well-received structure of the first edition, this carefully revised and updated new edition now includes much new information of vital importance to those working and researching in the fisheries and aquaculture industries. Commencing with chapters covering genetic variation and how it can be measured, the authors then look at genetic structure in natural populations, followed by a new chapter covering genetics in relation to population size and conservation issues. Genetic variation of traits and triploids and the manipulation of ploidy are fully covered, and another new chapter is included, entitled 'From Genetics to Genomics'. The book concludes with a chapter covering the impact of genetic engineering in aquaculture.

With the inclusion of a wealth of up-to-date information, new text and figures and the inclusion of a third author, Pierre Boudry, the second edition of Biotechnology and Genetics in Fisheries and Aquaculture provides an excellent text and reference of great value and use to upper level students and professionals working across fish biology, aquatic sciences, fisheries, aquaculture, genetics and biotechnology. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where biological sciences, fisheries and aquaculture are studied and taught should have several copies of this excellent new edition on their shelves.

• Completely updated, revised and expanded new edition
• Subject area of ever increasing importance
• Expanded authorship
• Commercially useful information for fish breeders

Inhalt

Preface to the second edition ix

Acknowledgements xi

Chapter 1 What is genetic variation? 1

Deoxyribose nucleic acid 1

Ribose nucleic acid 5

What is the genetic code? 7

Protein structure 7

So what about chromosomes? 9

How does sexual reproduction produce variation? 11

Mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA 16

Chapter 2 How can genetic variation be measured? 19

DNA sequence variation 19

DNA fragment size variation 36

Protein variation 44

Phenotypic variation 47

Chapter 3 Genetic structure in natural populations 49

What is a population? 49

How are allele frequencies estimated? 51

What is the relationship between alleles and genotypes? 51

How do allele frequencies change over time? 53

How does population structure arise? 54

How are genetic markers used to study population structure? 55

Levels of genetic differentiation in aquatic organisms 60

Potential problems with allozymes and coding markers 61

mtDNA variation 63

Microsatellite variation 66

Population structure in the flat oyster 68

Mixed stock analysis (MSA) 73

Chapter 4 Genetics of population size in conservation and aquaculture 77

Genetics of small population size in the wild 78

Genetic markers in conservation 82

Genetics of small population size in the hatchery 85

Is there evidence of loss of genetic variation in the hatchery? 87

How does hatchery propagation affect heterozygosity? 89

Genetic markers for identification of hatchery product 93

Genetic markers for pathogen identification 94

Chapter 5 Genetic variation of traits 99

Qualitative traits 99

Quantitative traits 105

What kinds of traits are important? 106

Variation of a quantitative trait 106

How can we estimate narrow-sense heritability? 109

Realised heritability 115

Correlated traits 118

What types of artificial selections are there? 118

Setting up a breeding programme 122

Inbreeding, cross-breeding and hybridisation 123

Current status of selective breeding programmes in aquaculture 126

Chapter 6 From genetics to genomics 129

What is the genome? 129

Genome mapping 130

Whole genome sequencing: the 'big picture' 137

QTL mapping 137

Application of QTLs in aquaculture and fisheries management 138

Marker-assisted selection (MAS): from QTLs to genomic selection 139

Transcriptomics 139

Chapter 7 Triploids and beyond: why manipulate ploidy? 145

How is it done? 146

Production of gynogens and androgens 148

Identification of ploidy change 149

Value of Triploids 151

Tetraploids 155

Gynogens and androgens 157

Chapter 8 Genetic engineering in aquaculture 161

The DNA construct 162

Transgene delivery 164

Transgene integration 168

Detecting integration and expression of the transgene 169

Results of transgenesis efforts in fish 171

So much for transgenics - what about cloning? 176

Genethics 176

Glossary 181

Index 193

Colour plates appear between pages 52 and 53