Alternative Respiratory Pathways in Higher Plants

Rapid developments in molecular and systems biology techniques have allowed researchers to unravel many new mechanisms through which plant cells switch over to alternative respiratory pathways.

This book is a unique compendium of how and why higher plants evolved alternative respiratory metabolism. It offers a comprehensive review of current research in the biochemistry, physiology, classification and regulation of plant alternative respiratory pathways, from alternative oxidase diversity to functional marker development. The resource provides a broad range of perspectives on the applications of plant respiratory physiology, and suggests brand new areas of research.

Other key features:

• written by an international team of reputed plant physiologists, known for their pioneering contributions to the knowledge of regular and alternative respiratory metabolism in higher plants

• includes step-by-step protocols for key molecular and imaging techniques

• advises on regulatory options for managing crop yields, food quality and environment for crop improvement and enhanced food security

• covers special pathways which are of key relevance in agriculture, particularly in plant post-harvest commodities

Primarily for plant physiologists and plant biologists, this authoritative compendium will also be of great value to
postdoctoral researchers working on plant respiration, as well as to graduate and postgraduate students and university staff in Plant Science. It is a useful resource for corporate and private firms involved in developing functional markers for breeding programs and controlling respiration for the prevention of post-harvest losses in fruit, vegetables, cut flowers and tubers.

Autorentext

Dr Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta is a Scientist at Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, UK and currently heading a research group at National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India

Dr Luis A.J. Mur is a Professor at IBERS (Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences), Aberystwyth
University, Wales, UK.

Dr Bhagyalakshmi Neelwarne is the Chief Scientist and Professor, currently heading the Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology at Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India.

Inhalt

List of contributors ix

Preface xiii

Section A: Physiology of plant respiration and involvement of alternative oxidase

1 Integrating classical and alternative respiratory pathway 3
Kapuganti J. Gupta, Bhagyalakshmi Neelwarne and Luis A.J. Mur

2 Noncoupled pathways of plant mitochondrial electron transport and the maintenance of photorespiratory flux 21
Abir U. Igamberdiev and Natalia V. Bykova

3 Taxonomic distribution of alternative oxidase in plants 43
Allison E. McDonald

4 Alternative pathways and phosphate and nitrogen nutrition 53
Anna M. Rychter and Boena Szal

5 Structural elucidation of the alternative oxidase reveals insights into the catalytic cycle and regulation of activity 75
Catherine Elliott, Mary S. Albury, Luke Young, Ben May and Anthony L. Moore

6 The role of alternative respiratory proteins in nitric oxide metabolism by plant mitochondria 95
Ione Salgado and Halley Caixeta Oliveira

7 Control of mitochondrial metabolism through functional and spatial integration of mitochondria 115
Samir Sharma

8 Modes of electron transport chain function during stress: Does alternative oxidase respiration aid in balancing cellular energy metabolism during drought stress and recovery? 157
Greg C. Vanlerberghe, Jia Wang, Marina Cvetkovska and Keshav Dahal

9 Regulation of cytochrome and alternative pathways under light and osmotic stress 185
Padmanabh Dwivedi

10 Alternative respiratory pathway in ripening fruits 201
Bhagyalakshmi Neelwarne

11 Respiratory pathways in bulky tissues and storage organs 221
WuSheng Liang

**Section B: From AOX diversity to functional marker development
Birgit Arnholdt*Schmitt*

Introduction 235

12 Exploring AOX gene diversity 239

12.1 Natural AOX gene diversity 241
Helia G. Cardoso, Amaia Nogales, Antonio Miguel Frederico, Jan T. Svensson, Elisete Santos Macedo, Vera Valadas and Birgit ArnholdtSchmitt

12.2 AOX gene diversity in Arabidopsis ecotypes 255
Jose Helio Costa and Jan T. Svensson

12.3 Artificial intelligence for the detection of AOX functional markers 261
Paulo Quaresma, Teresa Goncalves, Salvador Abreu, Jose Helio Costa, Kaveh Mashayekhi, Birgit ArnholdtSchmitt and Jan T. Svensson

12.4 Evolution of AOX genes across kingdoms and the challenge of classification 267
Allison E. McDonald, Jose Helio Costa, Tania Nobre, Dirce Fernandes de Melo and Birgit ArnholdtSchmitt

13 Towards exploitation of AOX gene diversity in plant breeding 273

13.1 Functional marker development from AOX genes requires deep phenotyping and individualized diagnosis 275
Amaia Nogales, Carlos Noceda, Carla Ragonezi, Helia G. Cardoso, Maria Doroteia Campos, Antonio Miguel Frederico, Debabrata Sircar, Sarma Rajeev Kumar, Alexios Polidoros, Augusto Peixe and Birgit Arnhold-Schmitt

13.2 AOX gene diversity can affect DNA methylation and genome organization relevant for functional marker developmen, 281
Carlos Noceda, Jan T. Svensson, Amaia Nogales and Birgit ArnholdtSchmitt

13.3 Gene technology applied for AOX functionality studies 287
Sarma Rajeev Kumar and Ramalingam Sathishkumar

14 AOX goes risk: A way to application 299

14.1 AOX diversity studies stimulate novel tool development for phenotyping: calorespirometry 301
Birgit ArnholdtSchmitt, Lee D. Hansen, Amaia Nogales and Luz MunozSanhueza 14.2 AOX gene diversity in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) products: a special challenge 305
*Louis Mercy, Jan T. Svensson, Eva Lucic, Helia G. Cardoso, Amaia Nogales, Matthias Doring, Jens Jurgeleit, Caroline Schneider and Birgit Arnhold...