Advanced Biomaterials and Biodevices

This cutting-edge book focuses on the emerging area of
biomaterials and biodevices that incorporate therapeutic agents,
molecular targeting, and diagnostic imaging capabilities

The design and development of biomaterials play a significant
role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. When
used with highly selective and sensitive biomaterials, cutting-edge
biodevices can allow the rapid and accurate diagnosis of disease,
creating a platform for research and development, especially in the
field of treatment for prognosis and detection of diseases in the
early stage. This book emphasizes the emerging area of biomaterials
and biodevices that incorporate therapeutic agents, molecular
targeting, and diagnostic imaging capabilities.

The 15 comprehensive chapters written by leading experts cover
such topics as:

• The use of severe plastic deformation technique to enhance the
  properties of nanostructured metals

• Descriptions of the different polymers for use in controlled
  drug release

• Chitin and chitosan as renewable healthcare biopolymers for
  biomedical applications

• Innovated devices such as "label-free biochips" and
  polymer MEMS

• Molecular imprinting and nanotechnology

• Prussian Blue biosensing applications

• The evaluation of different types of biosensors in terms of
  their cost effectiveness, selectivity, and sensitivity

• Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanocarriers for malignancy
  therapeutics

Autorentext

Ashutosh Tiwari is an Associate Professor at the
Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Linköping University,
Sweden; Editor-in-Chief, Advanced Materials Letters;
Secretary General, International Association of Advanced Materials;
a materials chemist and also a docent in applied physics at
Linköping University, Sweden. He has published more than 350
articles, patents, and conference proceedings in the field of
materials science and technology and has edited/authored more than
fifteen books on the advanced state-of-the-art of materials
science. He is a founding member of the Advanced Materials World
Congress and the Indian Materials Congress.

Anis N. Nordin received her D.Sc. in computer engineering
from George Washington University in 2008. She is now an Assistant
Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
at the International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. Her
main research interests are in the areas of biosensors, lab-on-chip
devices, Analog VLSI, RF-MEMS, surface acoustic wave resonators,
and oscillators in particular. She is currently a visiting scholar
at the Biosensors and Bioelectronics Center, Linköping
University, Sweden.

Zusammenfassung

This cutting-edge book focuses on the emerging area of biomaterials and biodevices that incorporate therapeutic agents, molecular targeting, and diagnostic imaging capabilities

The design and development of biomaterials play a significant role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. When used with highly selective and sensitive biomaterials, cutting-edge biodevices can allow the rapid and accurate diagnosis of disease, creating a platform for research and development, especially in the field of treatment for prognosis and detection of diseases in the early stage. This book emphasizes the emerging area of biomaterials and biodevices that incorporate therapeutic agents, molecular targeting, and diagnostic imaging capabilities.

The 15 comprehensive chapters written by leading experts cover such topics as:

• The use of severe plastic deformation technique to enhance the properties of nanostructured metals
• Descriptions of the different polymers for use in controlled drug release
• Chitin and chitosan as renewable healthcare biopolymers for biomedical applications
• Innovated devices such as label-free biochips and polymer MEMS
• Molecular imprinting and nanotechnology
• Prussian Blue biosensing applications
• The evaluation of different types of biosensors in terms of their cost effectiveness, selectivity, and sensitivity
• Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanocarriers for malignancy therapeutics

Inhalt
**Preface xv

Part 1: Cutting-edge Biomaterials 1

Frontiers for Bulk Nanostructured Metals in Biomedical Applications 3
*T.C. Lowe and R.Z. Valiev

• 1.1 Introduction to Nanostructured Metals 3

  1.2 Nanostructured Metals as Biomaterials for Medical Applications 10

  1.3 Summary and Conclusions 29

  Acknowledgment 30

  References 30

  **2 Stimuli-responsive Materials Used as Medical Devices in Loading and Releasing of Drugs 53
  *H. Iván Meléndez-Ortiz and Emilio Bucio

• 2.1 Introduction 54

  2.2 Classification of Materials for Bioapplications 55

  2.3 Responsive Polymers in Controlled Drug Delivery 56

  2.4 Types of Medical Devices 60

  2.5 Materials Used in Medical Devices 62

  2.6 Stimuli-responsive Polymers Used in Medical Devices 65

  2.7 Infections Associated with Medical Devices 68

  Acknowledgements 72

  References 73

  **3 Recent Advances with Liposomes as Drug Carriers 79
  *Shravan Kumar Sriraman and Vladimir P. Torchilin

• 3.1 Introduction 80

  3.2 Passive Targeting of Liposomes 83

  3.3 Actively Targeted Liposomes 88

  3.4 Multifunctional Liposomes 95

  3.5 Conclusions and Future Directions 98

  References 101

  **4 Fabrication, Properties of Nanoshells with Controllable Surface Charge and its Applications 121
  *Parul Khurana, Sheenam Thatai and Dinesh Kumar

• 4.1 What is Nanotechnology? 122

  4.2 Nanomaterials and Their Uses 122

  4.3 Classification of Nanomaterials 124

  4.4 Nanoparticles 126

  4.5 Nanocomposites Material 128

  4.6 Spherical Silica Particles 129

  4.7 Silver Nanoparticles 132

  4.8 Gold Nanoparticles 134

  4.9 SiO2@Ag and SiO2@Au Core-shell Nanocomposites 137

  4.10 Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering 139

  4.11 Conclusions 141

  Acknowledgements 141

  References 141

  **5 Chitosan as an Advanced Healthcare Material 147
  *M.A. Jardine and S. Sayed 147

• 5.1 Introduction 147

  5.2 Chemical Modification and Analysis 150

  5.3 Chitosan Co-polymers 154

  5.4 Nanoparticles 156

  5.5 Nanofibres (Electrospinning) 158

  5.6 Visualising Nanostructures 160

  5.7 Biomedical Applications of Chitosan 163

  5.8 Conclusion 175

  References 175

  **6 Chitosan and Low Molecular Weight Chitosan: Biological and Biomedical Applications 183
  *Nazma N. Inamdar and Vishnukant Mourya

• 6.1 Introduction 184

  6.2 Biodegradability of Chitin and Chitosan 184

  6.3 Biocomapatibility and Toxicology of Chitin and Chitosan 186

  6.4 Chitosan as Antimicrobial Agent 187

  6.5 Chitosan as Haemostatic Agent 196

  6.6 Chitosan as Immunity Modulator 198

  6.7 Chitosan as Adjuvant 202

  6.8 Chitosan as Wound Healing Accelerator 203

  6.9 Chitosan as Lipid Lowering Agent & Dietary Supplement in Aid of Weight Loss 211

  6.10 Chitosan as Antioxidant 214

  6.11 Conclusion 220

  References 221

  **7 Anticipating Behaviour of Advanced Materials in Healthcare 243
  *Tanvir Arfin and Simin Fatma

• 7.1 Introduction 244

  7.2 The Evolution of the Bio-advance Materials Fields 246

  7.3 Evaluation in Humans 247

  7.4 The Natural History of Diseases 248

  7.5 Enzyme 249

  7.6 Biosensor 25...